Proteins are the most abundant and functionally diverse molecules in living systems. Virtually every life process depends on this class of macromolecules.
Amino Acids
OVERVIEW
Proteins are the most
abundant and functionally diverse molecules in living systems. Virtually every
life process depends on this class of macromolecules. For example, enzymes and
polypeptide hormones direct and regulate metabolism in the body, whereas
contractile proteins in muscle permit movement. In bone, the protein collagen
forms a framework for the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals, acting like
the steel cables in reinforced concrete. In the bloodstream, proteins, such as
hemoglobin and plasma albumin, shuttle molecules essential to life, whereas
immunoglobulins fight infectious bacteria and viruses. In short, proteins
display an incredible diversity of functions, yet all share the common
structural feature of being linear polymers of amino acids. This chapter
describes the properties of amino acids. Chapter 2 explores how these simple
building blocks are joined to form proteins that have unique three-dimensional
structures, making them capable of performing specific biologic functions.
Figure 1.1 Structural
features of amino acids (shown in their fully protonated form).
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