The purpose of bioprocess engineering is to utilize resources necessary to pro-mote the growth of microorganisms in a controlled environment for the purpose of producing a product of biological origin.
PROTEIN PURIFICATION
The
purpose of bioprocess engineering is to utilize resources necessary to pro-mote
the growth of microorganisms in a controlled environment for the purpose
TABLE 16.4 Purification Steps of Soluble
Proteins
Note that additional processing is
required to purify the product obtained from these systems. The purification
from cell culture of soluble proteins may be conducted by combining traditional
purification steps (Harrison, 1994). These steps are shown in Table 16.4. Each
step focuses on particular physicochemical properties; for example, ion
exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and gel chromatography separate molecules
based on charge, hydrophobicity, and molecular size, respectively. Inclusion
bodies with complex tertiary structures undergo additional steps, including
washing, solu-bilizing, and refolding of proteins before further purification steps
are adopted.
As
with all of the foregoing processes, validation of purification steps is
required. Indeed, the sequence of designing protein purification processes may
be described as follows (Nelson, 1991):
·
Stepwise recovery yields
·
Impurity removal
·
Scalability of protein purification steps
·
Validation of protein purification steps
Biotechnological
innovation occurs as a result of complex integrated bio-processes based on
molecular and cellular biology. The key processes have been described briefly
in this chapter, and discourses of some length are available on each of these
topics in the literature. Since the next generation of pharmaceutical products
is likely to be developed by these methods, readers are strongly encouraged to
familiarize themselves with these topics and with the more fundamental issues
of molecular and cellular biology not covered in this text (Bolsover et al.,
1997).
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