Pharmaceutical Drugs and Dosage: Powders and granules - Review questions answers
Review questions
19.1 Identify
which of the following represent an intrinsic (inherent) char-acteristic of
powder particles or a bulk property of powders: crystal-linity, porosity,
density, flow, content uniformity, compactibility, size, and shape.
19.2 Which of
the following unit operations are likely to affect particle size and shape: mixing,
compaction, granulation, and milling?
19.3 Density.
A. Rank the three kinds
of density of a powder in the expected increasing order of magnitude: true
density, BD, and TD.
B. Which of these
densities is related to the porosity of the powder particles?
C. Which density
classification is expected to have the highest inter-particulate spaces?
D. Which density is
most relevant to the equipment capacity determi-nation during pharmaceutical
manufacturing?
E. Which densities are
the most involved in determining the flow characteristics of the powder?
19.4 Identify
which of the following represent potentially surface-mediated powder properties:
sticking to the tablet tooling, true density, electrostatic charge, plastic
deformation during compaction, flow, and/ or crystallinity.
19.5 Particle
size.
A. Identify which of
the following particle diameters represent the sphere of equivalent surface
area: d[1,0], d[2,0], d[3,0], d[4,3], d[3,2], d(90), d(50), d(10).
B. Identify which of
the following particle diameters represent the sphere of equivalent volume: d[1,0], d[2,0], d[3,0], d[4,3], d[3,2], d(90), d(50), d(10).
C. Identify which of
the following particle diameters represent a percentile of particles: d[1,0], d[2,0], d[3,0], d[4,3], d[3,2], d(90), d(50), d(10).
D. Identify which of
the following particle size determination tech-niques involve the use of a beam
of laser light: sieve analysis, laser diffraction, microscopy, focused beam
reflectance mea-surement, electrozone sensing, and sedimentation.
E. Identify which of
the following particle size determination techniques can also provide
information regarding the crystallin-ity of the particles: sieve analysis,
laser diffraction, microscopy, focused beam reflectance measurement,
electrozone sensing, and sedimentation.
19.6 Which of the
following processes are NOT used for increasing the average size of powders?
A. Crystallization
B. Wet granulation
C. Dry granulation
D. Direct compression
19.7 Which of the
following techniques are NOT used for the generation of an amorphous form of
API?
A. Solid dispersion
B. Spray drying
C. Slow solvent
evaporation
D. Extrusion
spheronization
19.8 Polymorphism
refers to
A. Two forms of a
crystalline solid that differ in unit cell structure
B. Two forms of a
crystalline solid that differ in the number of unit cells assembled in each
dimension
C. Two forms of a solid
such that one is crystalline and the other is amorphous
D. Two forms of a
crystalline solid that differ in the solvent molecule entrapped in the crystal
lattice
19.9 Which of the
following methods can be used for characterizing particle shape?
A. Microscopy
B. Laser diffraction
C. Sieve analysis
D. Sedimentation
E. Electrozone sensing
19.10 Which of
the following powder characteristics affects flow?
A. Aspect ratio
B. BD
C. Electrostatic charge
D. Surface cohesiveness
E. All of the above
F. None of the above
Answers:
19.1 Size and shape
19.2 Mixing and
granulation
19.3 A. Bulk < Tapped
< True
B.
Bulk and true density
C.
Bulk density
D.
Bulk density
E.
Bulk and true density
19.4 Sticking to the
tablet tooling, electrostatic charge, and flow.
19.5 A. d[2,0], d[3,2]
B. d[3,0], d[4,3]
C. d(90), d(50), d(10)
D. Laser diffraction and focused beam reflectance
measurement
E. Microscopy
19.6 A.
19.7 C.
19.8 A.
19.9 A.
19.10 E.
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