The results of pharmacogenetic research will impact the discovery, development and safe, effective use of medicines in several ways:
CONCLUSION
The
results of pharmacogenetic research will impact the discovery, development and
safe, effective use of medicines in several ways:
• Many diseases will be diagnosed based on
geno-type (underlying mechanism of disease) rather than phenotype (presenting
signs and symptoms) alone, enabling health care providers to determine the
optimal therapeutic approach.
• Health care providers will increasingly use
genomic data and other predictive tests as a basis for selecting the medicine
and dose most likely to be efficacious and least likely to cause ADRs in
individual patients.
• Identification of disease susceptibility
genes will allow implementation of preventive measures or early treatment of
specific diseases.
• New medicines will be designed to avoid or
exploit specific polymorphisms of genes involved in disease susceptibility or
drug metabolism, trans-port or action.
Many
challenges remain to be overcome. The human genome is complex and dynamic, and
although we have made great progress in unraveling its myster-ies, it still
holds many secrets. Diseases and responses to medicines are likely to involve
many genes, each of which plays a specific role and interacts with other genes
and the environment in complex, interdependent ways. Technological challenges
involving statistics, bioinformatics tools, high-throughput sample process-ing,
accuracy and cost still exist, although progress is being made in resolving
them. In addition to these scientific and technological issues, we as a society
have to deal with the many complicated ethical, legal and social questions that
arise as a result of our increased understanding of our genetic heritage and our
growing ability to affect it and alter its effect on us.
History
has taught us that scientific knowledge and technological advances will
continue; our human chal-lenge is to apply what we learn skillfully and for the
betterment of all humanity. Although the clini-cal relevance of progress in
pharmacogenetics is just beginning to become clear, it holds great promise for
improving health and quality of life for millions of people throughout the
world.
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