Isolation - Drugs Containing Glycosides

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Chapter: Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry : Drugs Containing Glycosides

The general method of extraction of glycosides is outlined here. The drug containing glycoside is finely powdered and the powder is extracted by continuous hot percolation using soxhlet apparatus with alcohol as solvent.


ISOLATION

 

 

Stas-Otto Method

 

The general method of extraction of glycosides is outlined here. The drug containing glycoside is finely powdered and the powder is extracted by continuous hot percolation using soxhlet apparatus with alcohol as solvent. During this process, various enzymes present in plant parts are also deactivated due to heating. The thermolabile glycosides, however, should be extracted at temperature preferably below 45°C. The extract is treated with lead acetate to pre-cipitate tannins and thus eliminate nonglycosidal impurities. The excess of lead acetate is precipitated as lead sulphide by passing hydrogen sulphide gas through solution. The extract is filtered, concentrated to get crude glycosides. From the crude extract, the glycosides are obtained in pure form by making use of processes like fractional solubility, fractional crystallization and chromatographic techniques such as preparative thin layer and column chromatography.

 

The characterization of isolated purified compounds is done by IR, UV, visible, NMR and mass spectrometry and elemental analysis.

 

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