Dosage forms that are in a plastic (i.e., change shape upon application of force), malleable semisolid state at room temperature include ointments, creams, gels, pastes, lotions, jellies, and foams.
Semisolid dosage
forms
Introduction
Dosage
forms that are in a plastic (i.e., change shape upon application of force),
malleable semisolid state at room temperature include ointments, creams, gels,
pastes, lotions, jellies, and foams. These semisolid prepara-tions may contain
dissolved and/or suspended drugs. These preparations are designed to stay in
physical contact with the surface of application for a reasonable duration of
time, before they are inadvertently or intentionally removed or washed off.
Their semisolid state and plastic rheological behav-ior is designed to aid
their application to the target surface as a film. Many cosmetics would be
considered semisolid.
Most
of the semisolid formulations are used topically to deliver drugs to/through
the skin. They can also be used for topical or systemic drug action in/through
the eye, nose, ear, vagina, rectum, buccal tissue, or the urethral membrane. In
addition, unmedicated semisolid formulations are frequently used as protectants
or lubricants. Topical applications can be designed for either local effects or
systemic absorption. For example, a topical dermatological product is designed
to deliver a drug into the skin for treating dermal disorders. A transdermal
product is designed to deliver drugs through the skin (percutaneous absorption)
to the underlying tissue or the systemic circulation.
The
major classes of agents that are used topically include corticoste-roids,
antifungals, acne products, antibiotics, emollients, antiseptics, and local
anesthetics. Topical agents are used as protectives, adsorbents, emollients,
and cleansing agents.
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