Anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), the master endocrine gland, elaborates a number of important regulatory hormones. All of these are peptide in nature and act at extracellular receptors located on their target cells.
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
HORMONES
Anterior pituitary
(adenohypophysis), the master endocrine gland, elaborates a number of important
regulatory hormones. All of these are peptide in nature and act at
extracellular receptors located on their target cells. Their secretion is
controlled by the hypothalamus through releasing
and release inhibitory hormones that
are transported via hypothalamo-hypophyseal
portal system, and is subjected to feedback inhibition by hormones of their
target glands. Each anterior pituitary hormone is produced by a separate group
of cells, which according to their staining characteristic are either
acidophilic or basophilic.
The
acidophils are either somatotropes → GH; or lactotropes → Prolactin.
The basophils are gonadotropes → FSH and LH;
thyrotropes → TSH; and corticotropelipotropes
→ ACTH. The latter in
addition to ACTH also produce two melanocyte stimulating hormones (MSHs) and
two lipotropins, but these are probably not important in man.
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