Simple procedure is involved in the preparation of shampoo. Initially only one method available for the preparation of shampoo, but later the basic method was modified in order to obtain different type of shampoo like cream, gel, aerosol etc.
PREPARATION
OF SHAMPOO
Simple procedure is involved in the
preparation of shampoo. Initially only one method available for the preparation
of shampoo, but later the basic method was modified in order to obtain
different type of shampoo like cream, gel, aerosol etc.
Liquid shampoo is usually prepared
by this method which involves the following steps:
Initially the detergent is converted
into a solution form or a detergent solution ma ho directly obtained from the
manufacturer.
Take about half of the detergent
solution into a separate container. To it, add the total amount of secondary
surfactant i.e., alkanolamide.
Dissolve the alkanolamide along with
stirring. Sometimes, gentle heat is also applied. To the remaining half of the
detergent solution add suitable amount of perfuming agent and dissolve it.
The perfume solution is then added
to the alkanolamide solution.
Colour and preservatives are
dissolved separately in sufficient volume of water and then added to the main
solution.
The whole, solution is mixed well by
gentle stirring. Excessive stirring may lead to bubble formation.
Final volume of the preparation is
usually adjusted by the addition of clear sterile waste. This gives clear
liquid shampoo.
However, When the preparation
contains lauryl alcohol ether sulphate. It is required to adjust the viscosity
of the shampoo.
Viscosity adjustment is done by
using an electrolyte solution. Usually, a solution of sodium chloride is added
subsequently with constant stirring. Care must be taken to it event the excess
addition of sodium chloride.
The methods of preparation of
various types of shampoos are modification
of the above mentioned general method of preparation of shampoos.
(a)
Preparation of Cream Shampoo: Certain formulae of cream shampoo
may include glycol stearate or
waxes. Usually, glycol stearate is used as an opacifier and preparation method
for such formulae is similar as discussed above. But when wax is included in
the formula, the process involves the following steps.
Initially, a solution of detergent
and water are heated to about 80°C.
The wax is heated separately in a
container at 80°C which facilitates the melting of wax.
Both the solutions are kept at 80°C
and mixed uniform mixing by constant and gentle stirring.
The solution is allowed to cool to
about 40- 45°C. After which the remaining ingredients, such as additives,
colours, perfume and preservatives are added. The stirring is continued.
Finally, under warm conditions, the
mixture is transferred into a suitable container and packed.
(b)
Preparation of Gel Shampoo: The method involved in the
preparation of gel shampoo is similar
to that of clear liquid shampoo. After preparation, the liquid shampoo is
usually treated with a suitable thickening or gelling agent such as hydroxy
propyl methyl cellulose, this gives a gel like consistency. Addition of
appropriate amount of anionic and amphoteric surfactants also leads to the
formation of gels.
(c)
Preparation of Aerosol Shampoo: This type of shampoo is initially
prepared by using (earlier
discussed) general method. The prepared shampoo is then incorporated with a
suitable propellant. The whole mixture is packed in an aerosol container. The
propellant creates a pressure within the container due to which spraying action
is achieved and the product (shampoo) is sprayed in the form of foam. Here
packing plays an important role and the propellant used should not react with
the shampoo.
(d)
Preparation of Powder Shampoo: Powder shampoo is prepared by
simple blending. Here, all the
ingredients are taken in a state. They are powdered to suitable degree of
fineness. The powdered ingredients are blended by using a suitable blender. Two
separate solutions of perfume and colour are prepared by using alcohol or water
as solvents. The prepared solutions are then sprayed onto the blended mixture.
The wet mixture is dried and packed. Otherwise, the ingredients are internally
soaked into the solutions of colour and perfume. Wet mass is dried and then
subjected to blending.
Related Topics
TH 2019 - 2023 pharmacy180.com; Developed by Therithal info.