The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the peripheral nerves connecting the central nervous system (CNS) to other parts of the body.
Peripheral
Nervous System and Reflex Activity
After
studying this chapter, readers should be able to:
1. Describe
the peripheral nervous system and its components.
2. List
the types of somatic and visceral sensory receptors.
3. Explain
the three levels of the somatosensory system.
4. Name 12
cranial nerves.
5. Explain
reflex activity and spinal reflexes.
6. List
only the sensory cranial nerves.
7. Describe
the three branches of the trigeminal cranial nerve.
8. Describe
peripheral motor endings.
9. Explain
the reflex arc.
10. Describe
a somatic reflex.
The peripheral
nervous system (PNS) consists of the peripheral
nerves connecting the central nervous system (CNS) to other parts of the body.
The PNS includes the cranial and spinal nerves and can be sub-divided into the somatic nervous system (SNS) and autonomic
nervous system (ANS). The CNS and PNS work together,
providing sensory, integrative, and motor functions to the body. The PNS is
made up of all neural structures that are outside the brain and spinal cord.
The SNS oversees conscious activi-ties, whereas the ANS oversees unconscious
activities. The SNS consists of cranial and spinal nerve fibers connecting the CNS to the skin and skeletal muscles. The ANS includes
fibers connecting the CNS to the visceral organs such as the heart, stomach,
intestines, and glands. The PNS allows us to process information between our
bodies and our environments. The CNS and PNS are shown in FIGURE 13-1.
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