Amino penicillins : i. Ampicillin (Amcil, Omnipen) ii. Pivampicillin
Synthesis
Properties and uses: Ampicillin is a white hygroscopic powder, freely
soluble in water, sparingly soluble in acetone, practically insoluble in fatty
oils and liquid paraffin. The corresponding product from acylation with
2-azido-4-hydroxyphenyl acetyl chloride is amoxicillin. The protonated α-amino
group of ampicillin has a pKa of 7.3 and is thus extensively protonated in
acidic media, which explains ampicillin’s stability towards acid hydrolysis and
instability towards alkaline hydrolysis. The α-amino group plays an important
role in the broader activity. It is used to treat urinary tract infections and
respiratory tract infections.
Assay: It is assayed by adopting liquid chromatography technique.
Dose: Available as capsules of 250 or 500 mg, as sodium salt for
parenteral use, for oral suspension in strengths of 125–500mg/5ml, and in
paediatric drops of 100 mg/ml. The consumption dose for adults is 1–4 g per day
in divided dose for every 6 h, for children the dose is 100–200 mg/kg per day
in three portions.
Dosage forms: Ampicillin capsules I.P., Ampicillin sodium injection I.P.,
Ampicillin injection B.P.
Synthesis
Properties and uses: Pivampicillin is a white crystalline powder,
practically insoluble in water, soluble in methanol, ethanol, and dilute acids.
It is a produg for ampicillin and in the in vivo esters hydrolyzes back to the
parent ampicillin. It is used to treat urinary tract infections and respiratory
tract infections.
Assay: It is assayed by adopting liquid chromatography technique.
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