The ability to do work and to change or move matter is called energy.
Chemical
Energy
The ability to do work and to
change or move matter is called energy. Most metabolic processes use chemical energy, which is the type of
energy stored in the bonds of chemical substances. Other forms of energy
include heat, light, electrical energy,mechani-cal energy, and sound.
Chemical
Energy Release
When the bonds between the atoms
of molecules are broken, chemical energy is released. When a sub-stance is
burned, for example, bonds break and energy escapes as both light and heat.
During the process of oxidation, cells “burn” molecules of glucose to release
chemical energy that fuels the process of anabolism; however, oxidation is
different from the burning of substances that exist outside cells.
Inside the cells, enzymes reduce
the amount of activation energy needed for oxidation as a part of the cellular
respiration. Energy is released in the bonds of nutrient molecules. The cells
then transfer about 40% of the released energy to special energy- carrying
molecules. The remaining energy escapes as heat, helping the body to remain at
normal tempera-ture. When the body gains more heat than it is able to lose, hyperthermia
develops.
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