Digestive System

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Chapter: Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals: Digestive System

Life is sustained by obtaining nutrients from the environment. Nutrients are the raw materials needed to synthesize essential compounds in the body.

Digestive System

Digestive System

After studying this chapter, the reader should be able to:

1. Identify the organs of the digestive system.

2. Explain the processes by which materials move through the digestive tract.

3. Describe the anatomy of the stomach and its roles in digestion and absorption.

4. Describe the anatomic characteristics of the small intestine.

5. Explain three hormones secreted from the digestive system to regulate digestion.

6. Describe the structure of the pancreas and secretory activities for digestion.

7. Describe the major functions of the liver.

8. Describe the regions of the large intestine.

9. Explain the significance of the large intestine in the absorption of nutrients.

10. Describe the digestion of lipids and the effects of bile.

Overview

Life is sustained by obtaining nutrients from the environment. Nutrients are the raw materials needed to synthesize essential compounds in the body. They may also be decomposed to provide energy required by the cells to continue functioning. The mechanical­ and chemical breakdown of foods and the absorption of resulting nutrients by the body’s cells are known as digestion. The organs of the digestive system carry out the processes of mechanical digestion and ­chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion is the process­ of breaking large pieces of food into smaller ones without altering their chemical makeup. ­Chemical digestion uses chemicals to break food into simplerchemicals.



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