The maintenance of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance is crucial for life.
Fluid,
Electrolyte, and Acid Base Balance
After studying this chapter, the reader should be able to
1. Explain what is meant by the terms fluid balance and
electrolyte balance.
2. Compare the composition of intracellular and extracellular
fluids.
3. Identify the hormones that play important roles in
regulating fluid balance and electrolyte balance.
4. Describe the movement of fluid within the extracellular and
intracellular fluids.
5. Discuss the mechanisms by which sodium and potassium ion
concentrations are regulated to maintain electrolyte balance.
6. Explain the buffering systems that balance the pH of the
intracellular and extracellular fluids.
7. Identify the most frequent threats to acid-base balance.
8. Explain how the body responds when the pH of body fluids
varies outside normal limits.
9. Describe metabolic alkalosis.
10. Compare respiratory acidosis with metabolic acidosis.
The maintenance of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
is crucial for life. Our cells require physical and chemical homeostasis of
surrounding tissues to function. Electrolytes
are ions released through the dissociation of inorganic compounds able to
conduct an electrical current in a solution. The amount of water and
electrolytes gained from food and beverages, on a daily basis, is equal to the
amount the body loses to the environment. The body replaces lost water and
electro-lytes and excretes any excess. Electrolytes are dissolved in the water
of body fluids. When electrolyte concentra-tions are altered, water
concentrations are also altered by adding or removing solutes. The reverse is
also true, by either concentrating or diluting electrolyte concen-trations.
This chapter provides information about fluid composition and distribution in
the internal environ-ment and discusses the ways our organs function to balance
fluids, electrolytes, acids, and bases.
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