The urinary system is made up of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Summary
The urinary system is made up of kidneys, ureters, urinary
bladder, and urethra. The kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing metabolic
wastes from the blood and excreting them. They are made up of an outer cortex
and an inner medulla. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. There
are about one million nephrons in each kidney. Nephrons remove wastes from
blood and regulate water and electrolyte concentrations, with urine as the end
product.
Urine is about 95% water and, also usually contains urea
and uric acid. Glomerular filtration initiates urine formation in the renal
corpuscle. The GFR is the volume of filtrate that forms every minute via the
actions of the kidneys’ glomeruli. Urine formation is also influ-enced by
tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Tubular reabsorption selectively
moves substances from the tubular fluid into the blood. Tubular secretion
selec-tively moves substances from the blood in the peritubu-lar capillary via
the filtrate into the renal tubule.
The other primary structures of the urinary sys-tem include
the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The ureters connect each renal
pelvis to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder stores urine and forces it
through the urethra during micturition, which is the act of expelling urine.
The urethra conveys urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body.
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