Fluids at Rest: Hydrostatics

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Chapter: Pharmaceutical Engineering: Fluid Flow

The study of fluids at rest is based on two principles:


FLUIDS AT REST: HYDROSTATICS

The study of fluids at rest is based on two principles:

1. Pressure intensity at a point, expressed as force per unit area, is the same in all directions.

2. Pressure is the same at all points in a given horizontal line in a continuous fluid.

The pressure, P, varies with depth, z, in a manner expressed by the hydrostatic equation

dP = -ρgdz                        (2:2)

where ρ is the density of the fluid and g is the gravitational constant. Since water and most other liquids can be regarded as incompressible, the density is independent of the pressure, and integration between the limits P1 and P2, z1 and z2, gives

P1 - P2 = ρg(z1 z2)                        (2:3)

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