Physical Pharmaceutics - Practical

PHYSICOCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES:

Complexation and protein binding:

• Complexation and protein binding
• Types of complexes
• Protein binding
• Review questions answers

Chemical kinetics and stability:

• Chemical kinetics and stability
• Reaction rate and order
• Factors affecting reaction kinetics
• Drug degradation pathways
• Stabilization strategies
• Review questions answers

Interfacial phenomena:

• Interfacial phenomena
• Liquid–liquid and liquid-gas interfaces
• Solid-gas interface: Adsorption
• Solid-Liquid interface
• Biological and pharmaceutical applications
• Review questions answers

Colloidal dispersions:

• Colloidal dispersions
• Types of colloidal systems
• Preparation of colloidal solutions
• Properties of colloidal solutions
• Physical stability of colloids
• Review questions answers

Surfactants and micelles:

• Surfactants and micelles
• Surfactants
• Types of surfactants
• Hydrophile-lipophile balance system
• Micelles
• Factors affecting critical micelle concentration and micellar size
• Micellar solubilization
• Review questions answers

Pharmaceutical polymers:

• Pharmaceutical polymers
• Definitions and architectures of polymers
• Polymer molecular weight and weight distribution
• Biodegradablity and biocompatibility
• Physicochemical properties and solubility
• Block copolymers
• Intelligent or stimuli-sensitive polymers
• Water-soluble polymers
• Bioadhesive/mucoadhesive polymers
• Review questions answers

Rheology:

• Rheology
• Newtonian flow
• Non-Newtonian flow
• Thixotropy
• Pharmaceutical applications of rheology
• Review questions answers

Powders and granules:

• Powders and granules
• Production of powders and granules
• Analyses of powders
• Particle shape and size - Analyses of powders
• Surface area - Analyses of powders
• Density and porosity - Analyses of powders
• Flow - Analyses of powders
• Compactibility - Analyses of powders
• Content uniformity - Analyses of powders
• Powder processing
• Powders as dosage forms
• Review questions answers

 

BP211P :

Physical Pharmaceutics (Practical)

 

COURSE OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this course are to:

1. Introduce basic laboratory techniques for determining physicochemical properties such as surface tension, viscosity, and density in pharmaceutical systems.

2. Develop understanding of interfacial phenomena and surfactant behavior, including micelles, critical micellar concentration (CMC), and HLB in formulation design.

3. Train students in evaluating disperse systems through sedimentation studies and the effect of suspending agents.

4. Provide practical experience in powder characterization, including particle size distribution, density, flow properties, porosity, and the role of glidants.

5. Develop skills in determining solubility, partition coefficient, buffer capacity, and related equilibria relevant to drug formulation.

 

Course Outcomes (CO):

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Demonstrate practical knowledge of principles and procedures involved in measuring surface tension, viscosity, density, and related physical properties using standard laboratory apparatus.

2. Determine and interpret surfactant-related parameters such as CMC and HLB and explain their significance in formulation stability and performance.

3. Conduct experiments and analyze results related to sedimentation volume and evaluate the influence of type and concentration of suspending agents on dispersion stability.

4. Evaluate micromeritic and flow properties of powders by determining particle size distribution, bulk density, tapped density, Hausner ratio, Carr’s index, angle of repose, true density, and porosity, and interpret the effect of glidants.

5. Perform and assess experiments on solubility, partition coefficient, critical solution

temperature, adsorption studies, and buffer capacity, and apply findings to formulation decisions.

 

Detailed Syllabus:

 

List of practical

(Minimum 12 experiments must be performed)

1. Determination of surface tension of given liquids by drop count method and drop weight method.

2. Determination of critical micellar concentration (CMC) of surfactants.

3. Determination of viscosity of liquids using Ostwald’s viscometer and Brookfield viscometer.

4. Determination of HLB value of a surfactant.

5. Calculation of isotonicity by different methods (Sodium Chloride Equivalent Method).

6. Determination of particle size and particle size distribution using sieving method.

7. Determination of particle size and particle size distribution using microscopic method.

8. Determination of densities and derived properties of powders (bulk density, tapped density, Hausner ratio, Carr’s compressibility index), true density, and porosity.

9. Determination of angle of repose and influence of glidants on angle of repose.

10. Determination of solubility of a drug at different pH/buffer systems at room temperature.

11. Determination of partition coefficient of a drug in n-octanol and water system.

12. Determination of partition coefficient of a drug in benzene and water system.

13. Determination of critical solution temperature and composition of phenol–water system.

14. Determination of specific surface area of charcoal by adsorption of acetic acid on activated charcoal.

15. Determination of buffer capacity at various stages of titration of a weak acid against a strong base and determination of pKa.

Note:

Compare the values of various physicochemical properties with marketed formulations wherever possible.

 

Recommended References (Preferably latest editions):

1. Sinko, P. J. Martin’s Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

2. Aulton, M. E. and Taylor, K. M. G. Aulton’s Pharmaceutics: The Design and Manufacture of Medicines. Elsevier.

3. Lachman, L., Lieberman, H. A. and Kanig, J. L. The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy. CBS Publishers & Distributors.

4. Allen, L. V., Popovich, N. G. and Ansel, H. C. Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

5. Cooper, S. J. and Gunn, C. Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial Pharmacy. CBS Publishers & Distributors.