General Pharmacy - Practical

DOSAGE FORMS:

Chapter 16: Suspensions:

• Suspensions
• Types of suspensions
• Powder for suspension
• Quality attributes
• Formulation considerations
• Manufacturing process
• Review questions answers

Chapter 17: Emulsions:

• Emulsions
• Types of emulsions
• Quality attributes
• Formulation considerations
• Emulsification
• Manufacturing process
• Stability
• Review questions answers

Chapter 18: Pharmaceutical solutions:

• Pharmaceutical solutions
• Types of solutions
• Quality attributes
• Formulation components and manufacturing process
• Solubility
• Stability
• Review questions answers

Chapter 19: Powders and granules:

• Powders and granules
• Production of powders and granules
• Analyses of powders
• Particle shape and size - Analyses of powders
• Surface area - Analyses of powders
• Density and porosity - Analyses of powders
• Flow - Analyses of powders
• Compactibility - Analyses of powders
• Content uniformity - Analyses of powders
• Powder processing
• Powders as dosage forms
• Review questions answers

Chapter 20: Tablets:

• Tablets
• Types of tablets
• Tablet formulation
• Manufacturing of tablets
• Evaluation of tablets
• Relationship among disintegration, dissolution, and absorption
• Review questions answers

Chapter 21: Capsules:

• Capsules
• Hard gelatin capsules
• Soft gelatin capsules
• Evaluation of capsule drug products
• Shelf-life tests
• Review questions answers

Chapter 22: Parenteral drug products:

• Parenteral drug products
• Parenteral routes of administration
• Types of parenteral dosage forms
• Quality attributes and evaluation
• Formulation components
• Sterilization
• Review questions answers

Chapter 23: Semisolid dosage forms:

• Semisolid dosage forms
• Ointments and Types of ointment bases
• Creams
• Gels and jellies
• Lotions
• Pastes
• Foams
• Manufacturing processes
• Analysis of semisolid dosage forms
• Review questions answers

Chapter 24: Inserts, implants, and devices:

• Inserts, implants, and devices
• Ocular inserts, Suppositories, Vaginal rings
• Implants and Types of implants
• Devices
• Review questions answers

Chapter 25: Protein and peptide drug delivery:

• Protein and peptide drug delivery
• Structure of Proteins and peptides
• Types of protein and peptide therapeutics
• Protein characterization
• Instability
• Antigenicity and immunogenicity
• Drug product formulation and process
• Review questions answers

Chapter 26: Biotechnology-based drugs:

• Biotechnology-based drugs
• Gene and gene expression
• Gene silencing
• Gene silencing technologies
• Gene therapy
• Review questions answers

 

BP107P :

General Pharmacy (Practical)

 

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of this course are to:

1. Familiarize students with essential pharmaceutical calculations including dilution, concentration, and allegation methods required for accurate formulation of dosage forms.

2. Impart practical skills in the preparation of official and non-official dosage forms such as solutions, syrups, powders, granules, suppositories, semisolids, gargles, and mouthwashes in accordance with pharmacopeial standards.

3. Develop understanding of formulation principles related to selection of ingredients, dosage form design, stability, and patient acceptability.

4. Train students in the application of pharmacopoeial specifications (IP, BPC, WHO) during compounding, labeling, and evaluation of pharmaceutical preparations.

5. Enhance hands-on competency and professional confidence required for dispensing practice and pharmaceutical compounding in hospital and community pharmacy settings.

 

COURSE OUTCOMES (CO):

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Perform accurate pharmaceutical calculations using dilution and allegation principles for the preparation of various dosage forms.

2. Prepare and dispense liquid dosage forms such as solutions, syrups, gargles, and mouthwashes following official pharmacopeial procedures.

3. Formulate solid dosage forms including powders, divided powders, dusting powders, and effervescent granules as per standard guidelines.

4. Prepare semisolid and specialized dosage forms such as ointments, liniments, and

suppositories using appropriate bases and techniques.

5. Compile and evaluate a compendium of marketed dosage forms, demonstrating

compliance with pharmacopeial standards, labeling requirements, and patient-centric considerations

 

Detailed Syllabus:

 

List of practical

1. Pharmaceutical Calculations

Solutions based on allegation and dilution methods

2. Solutions

a) Strong solution of ammonium acetate – IP

b) Cresol with soap solution – IP

c) Lugol’s solution – BPC

3. Syrups

a) Simple Syrup – IP

4. Powders & Granules

a) ORS powder – WHO

b) Effervescent granules – IP

c) Dusting powder – IP

d) Divided powders – IP

5. Suppositories

a) Glycerogelatin suppository – BPC

b) Cocoa butter suppository – IP

c) Zinc Oxide suppository – IP

6. Semisolids

a) Sulphur ointment – IP

b) Non-staining iodine ointment with methyl salicylate – BPC

7. Gargles & Mouthwashes

a) Iodine gargle – BPC

b) Chlorhexidine mouthwash – IP

Note:

a) Preparation of compendia of dosage forms (marketed products), is recommended.

b) Any other practical relevant to the syllabus can be introduced.

c) Minimum 12 experiments must be performed covering all dosage forms.

 

Recommended References (Preferably latest editions):

1. Carter, S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students. 12th ed. New Delhi: CBS Publishers.

2. Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Indian Pharmacopoeia, Vol. I. Ghaziabad: IPC.

3. United States Pharmacopeial Convention, United States Pharmacopeia–National Formulary (USP–NF). Rockville, MD, USA.

4. British Pharmacopoeia Commission, British Pharmacopoeia Codex. London: The Stationery Office.

5. World Health Organization, Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) Formulation Guidelines. Geneva: WHO.