Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry - Practical

[ Bpharm (Bachelor of Pharmacy) ]

Under Class: | 2nd Semester (Bpharm) |

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry - Practical - Experimental laboratory pdf record

Pharmacy - Bachelor of Pharmacy (Bpharm) - 2nd Semester - 1st Year - Subject/Practical Laboratory: Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry - Practical (BP209P) - laboratory Experimental Note Download PDF

Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Chapter 1: Functional Groups and Chemical Bonding:

• Functional Groups
• Orbitals
• Bonding Schemes
• Antibonding Orbitals
• Resonance
• Conjugated Π Systems
• Aromaticity
• Problems on Functional Groups and Chemical Bonding

Chapter 2: Oxidation States of Organic Compounds:

• Oxidation Levels
• Oxidation States in Alkanes
• Oxidation States In Alkenes
• Oxidation States in Common Functional Groups
• Oxidation Level Changes During Reactions
• Problems on Oxidation States of Organic Compounds

Chapter 3: Acidity and Basicity:

• Bronsted and Lewis Acids and Bases
• Acid Strength
• Acid-Base Equilibria
• Amphoteric Compounds
• Structural Effects on Acidity
• Solved Problems on Acidity and Basicity

Chapter 4: Curved-Arrow Notation:

• Electron Movement
• Heterolytic Bond Cleavages
• Heterolytic Bond Formation
• Homolytic Bond Making and Bond Breaking
• Resonance Structures
• Depiction of Mechanism
• Solved Problems on Curved-Arrow Notation

Chapter 5: Mechanisms of Organic Reactions:

• Mechanisms of Organic Reactions
• Activation Energy
• Activated Complex
• Reaction Energetics
• Structure of the Activated Complex
• Hammond Postulate
• Reaction Kinetics
• Determining Activation Energies
• Isotope Effects
• Electronic Effects
• Hammett Equation
• Solved Problems on Mechanisms of Organic Reactions

Chapter 6: Stereochemical and Conformational Isomerism:

• Stereochemical and Conformational Isomerism
• Stereochemical Structures
• Chirality
• Configuration of Chiral Centers
• Multiple Stereocenters
• Optical Activity
• Absolute Configuration
• Physical Properties of Enantiomers
• Resolution of Enantiomers
• Stereoselective Reactions
• Formation of Enantiomers
• Formation of Diastereomers
• Stereochemistry to Deduce Mechanism
• Conformational Analysis
• Conformational Energies
• A Values
• Strain in Ring Systems
• Stereoelectronic Effects
• Solved Problems on Stereochemical and Conformational Isomerism

Chapter 7: Functional Group Synthesis:

• Functional Group Manipulation
• Carboxylic Acids
• Esters
• Amides
• Acid Chlorides
• Aldehydes
• Ketones
• Imines and Imine Derivatives
• Alcohols
• Amines
• Alkenes
• Alkanes
• Solved Problems on Functional Group Synthesis

Chapter 8: Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Between Carbon Nucleophiles and Carbon Electrophiles:

• Synthetic Strategy
• Nucleophilic Carbon
• Electrophilic Carbon
• Reactivity Matching
• Generation of Nucleophilic Carbon Reagents
• Generation of Electrophilic Carbon Reagents
• Matching Nucleophiles with Electrophiles
• Enolates
• Enolate Regioisomers
• Diastereoselection in Aldol Reactions
• Organometallic Compounds
• Neutral Carbon Nucleophiles
• C=C Formation
• Cyclopropanation Reactions
• Metal-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation
• Pd(0)-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation
• Olefin Metathesis
• Solved Problems on Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Between Carbon Nucleophiles and Carbon Electrophiles

Chapter 9: Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation By Free-Radical Reactions:

• Free-Radical Reactions
• Free-Radical Polymerization
• Nonpolymerization Reactions
• Free-Radical Initiation
• Free-Radical Cyclization
• Solved Problems on Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation By Free-Radical Reactions

Chapter 10: Planning Organic Syntheses:

• Retrosynthetic Analysis
• Carbon Skeleton Synthesis
• Umpolung Synthons
• Acetylide Nucleophiles
• Ring Construction
• Robinson Annulation
• Diels-Alder Reaction
• Homo-Lumo Interactions
• Stereoelectronic Factors
• 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions
• Solved Problems on Planning Organic Syntheses

Chapter 11: Structure Determination of Organic Compounds:

• Structure Determination of Organic Compounds
• Chromatographic Purification
• Instrumental Methods
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• Chemical Shift
• Spin-Spin Coupling
• Descriptions of Spin Systems
• Second-Order Splitting
• Structure Identification By 1h NMR
• Carbon-13 NMR
• Infrared Spectroscopy
• IR Stretching Frequencies
• Use of IR Spectroscopy for Structure Determination
• Mass Spectrometry
• Fragmentation Processes
• Solved Problems on Structure Determination of Organic Compounds

BP209P :

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry (Practical)

COURSE OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this course are to:

1. Understand and follow essential laboratory safety protocols for handling chemicals, glassware, and equipment.

2. Identify and analyze organic compounds through their physical properties and functional group reactivity.

3. Apply ball-and-stick molecular models to visualize and interpret the structure of organic compounds.

4. Perform purification techniques such as crystallization to isolate and refine organic substances.

5. Synthesize simple organic compounds and their derivatives using standard laboratory methods.

Course Outcomes (CO):

Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Recall and outline the preliminary qualitative tests used for identifying water- insoluble and immiscible organic compounds.

2. Understand the synthesis methods for preparing simple organic compounds and their derivatives.

3. Apply crystallization techniques to purify organic compounds effectively.

4. Analyze experimentally to detect elements and functional groups to identify unknown organic compounds.

5. Interpret and analyze organic compounds through systematic qualitative analysis to confirm their chemical nature.

Detailed Syllabus:

List of practical

(Minimum 12 experiments to be performed)

1. Systematic qualitative analysis of minimum of five water-insoluble or water-immiscible unknown organic compounds from different chemical classes:

a. Preliminary tests: Color, odour, Solubility tests, test for aromaticity, test for saturation/unsaturation etc.

b. Detection of elements such as nitrogen, sulphur and halogens by Lassaigne’s test

c. Determination of Functional group tests such as phenols, amides, amines, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, alcohols, esters, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons and nitro compounds.

d. Preparation of the derivatives and confirmation of the unknown organic compound by melting point / boiling point.

2. Building Molecular Models:

Students will use ball-and-stick models to create structures of molecules and understand their shapes and bonding.

3. Crystallization Method

Students will learn how to purify three organic compounds using the crystallization technique.

Recommended References (Preferably latest editions):

1. Furniss, B. S., Hannaford, A. J., Smith, P. W. G. and Tatchell, A. R. Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry. Longman Scientific & Technical, London.

2. Mann, F. G. and Saunders, B. C. Practical Organic Chemistry. Pearson Education.

3. Shriner, R. L., Hermann, C. K. F., Morrill, T. C., Curtin, D. Y. and Fuson, R. C. The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds. John Wiley & Sons.

4. Vogel, A. I. Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry. Longman Group Ltd.

5. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M., Kriz, G. S. and Engel, R. Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques. Cengage Learning.

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry - Practical

[ Bpharm (Bachelor of Pharmacy) ]

Organic Chemistry

Structure and bonding:

Alkanes and cycloalkanes:

Functional groups:

Stereochemistry:

Nucleophiles and electrophiles:

Reactions and mechanisms:

Acidbase reactions:

Alkenes and alkynes:

Aromatic chemistry:

Aldehydes and ketones:

Carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives:

Alkyl halides:

Alcohols phenols and thiols:

Ethers epoxides and thioethers:

Amines and nitriles:

Organic spectroscopy and analysis:

Organic Chemistry

Chapter 1: Functional Groups and Chemical Bonding:

Chapter 2: Oxidation States of Organic Compounds:

Chapter 3: Acidity and Basicity:

Chapter 4: Curved-Arrow Notation:

Chapter 5: Mechanisms of Organic Reactions:

Chapter 6: Stereochemical and Conformational Isomerism:

Chapter 7: Functional Group Synthesis:

Chapter 8: Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Between Carbon Nucleophiles and Carbon Electrophiles:

Chapter 9: Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation By Free-Radical Reactions:

Chapter 10: Planning Organic Syntheses:

Chapter 11: Structure Determination of Organic Compounds: